Cardiovascular diseases in children
Cardiovascular diseases in children
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Cardiovascular disease in children: causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children is a major challenge for the paediatric and include a variety of disorders that affect the heart and the vascular system. In contrast to adults, where there is often acquired diseases such as atherosclerosis, are in the foreground, in the case of children, in particular, congenital heart defects is of Central importance. Causes and types of cardiovascular diseases The most important group of CVD in children with congenital heart defects, which are present already at birth. Among the most common forms: Atrial septal defect (ASD) — a hole in the wall between the two Atria of the heart; Ventricular septal defect (VSD) — a hole in the wall between the right and left chambers of the heart; open arterial duct (PDA) is a persistent connection between the pulmonary artery and the main artery; Tetralogy of Fallot is a complex combination of four heart defects. In addition to congenital malformations, inflammatory diseases can occur, such as rheumatic Fever or myocarditis, and cardiac rhythm disorders and heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) in children. Symptoms The clinical signs of CVD in children vary depending on the type and severity of the disease. Typical symptoms include: Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes), as a sign of insufficient oxygen supply; Shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion, or when Feeding of infants; reduced drinking quantity, and Growth retardation in infants; Fatigue and low resilience in older children; Heart sounds which can be detected on physical examination; Edema (water retention), and in particular on the legs or face. Diagnostics The Diagnosis is made by a combination of different methods: History and physical examination, including auscultation of the heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess the electrical activity of the heart. Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) as the most important imaging method for visualization of cardiac structures and function. Chest x-ray to assess heart size and pulmonary circulation. In special cases: cardiac catheterization or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment The treatment approach depends on the specific disease and can include the following measures: Drug therapy: diuretics to reduce Edema, cardiac glycosides to the strengthening of the cardiac output, antiarrhythmic drugs for rhythm disturbances. Catheter-based procedures: closure of defects (e.g., ASD, or PDA) via an artery access. Surgical interventions: correction of complex cardiac defects through open heart surgery, often in the first few months of life are carried out. Long-term management: Regular follow-up, may be life cardiologists long medication and Monitoring by Children. Forecast and prevention The prognosis has improved due to advances in diagnosis and therapy considerably. Many children with congenital heart defects today a normal life and have a good quality of life. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are crucial for success. Preventive measures are limited because of a congenital abnormality due to the often genetically or due to random developmental disorders arise. A healthy life of the mother during the pregnancy (for example, giving up Smoking, alcohol and certain drugs), however, can reduce the risk. Would you like me to make a certain section in more detail, or to add more information about an aspect?
Kasabay nito, hindi inirerekomenda ang pangmatagalang pag-inom ng mga gamot mula sa kategoryang Diuretics, dahil ang mahahalagang sangkap tulad ng Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium ay mabilis na nailalabas sa katawan kasama ng sobrang tubig at asin. Alinsunod sa katangiang ito, sinasabayan ng mga Diuretics ang pag-inom ng mga gamot na may laman ng mga sangkap na ito. Maaaring ito ay mga vitamin at mineral na complexes, monokomponent, o mga suplemento sa pagkain na may napatunayang klinikal na bisa. Cardiovascular diseases in children. Ang mga modernong gamot sa pag-imprenta ay hinahati sa 10 iba't ibang grupo ayon sa kanilang mekanismo ng pagkilos. Pagkatapos suriin ng doktor ang mga reklamo ng pasyente at ang resulta ng mga pagsusuri, nagrereseta siya ng isa o higit pang gamot, na hindi dapat baguhin nang mag-isa. Ang mga gamot sa puso at daluyan ng dugo ay hindi kabilang sa mga puwedeng irekomenda sa kaibigan. Ang maling desisyon ay maaaring magdulot ng malungkot na kahihinatnan. Lahat ng gamot na pampababa ng presyon ng dugo ay kailangan ng reseta. Sa artikulong ito, tinitingnan natin ang kanilang modernong klasipikasyon base sa mga aktibong sangkap at sa paraan ng epekto nito sa katawan.
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Therapeutic physical culture in the case of cardiovascular disease: movement as medicine Cardiovascular disease causes are the most frequent causes of death worldwide. According to the statistics of the world health organization (WHO), cases, almost one-third of all fatalities. But there is good news: A targeted therapeutic physical culture can reduce the risk of heart problems and pre-existing diseases, significantly improve quality of life. What is therapeutic physical culture? It is a systematic, physician-supervised exercise therapy that is specifically tailored to the needs of patients with heart and vascular diseases. In contrast to high-performance sports Competition, or the maximum force in the foreground, but the gentle strengthening of the cardiovascular system is not here. What are the effects of therapeutic exercise? Regular, dosed physical activity affects a variety of ways: She lowers the resting heart rate and blood pressure. It improves blood circulation and promotes the formation of secondary circuits (collateral) in the heart. It stabilizes blood sugar and helps with weight control. It reduces stress hormones and promotes well-being through the release of endorphins. It strengthens the vascular elasticity and lowers the risk for atherosclerosis. Which Exercises are suitable? For patients with cardiovascular disorders, especially aerobic loads are used with low to medium intensity: Walking and Hiking is Simple and effective, ideal for entry-level therapy. Cycling (stationary or Outdoor): Protects the joints and trained at the same time the heart. Aqua fitness: The water relieves the joints and provides resistance for a gentle strength training. Slow Swim: Promotes breathing and circulation without the stress. Circuit training in a Sitting position, Especially for severely ill or elderly patients. Important rules for practice In the implementation of therapeutic Exercises, it is important to follow some basic rules: Check with the doctor Before starting any training, a medical examination is necessary. Soft start: The load is slowly and continuously increased. Pulse monitoring: The Training heart rate should remain within the specified range (often 50-70% of maximum heart rate). Regularity: 3-4 Times per week for 30-60 minutes is ideal. Mindfulness of the body: pain, shortness of breath, or Nausea, the Training is interrupted immediately. Conclusion Therapeutic physical culture is not a substitute for drug therapy, but an important addition. It gives patients the Chance to be active in their health by participating in the confidence in own forces to recover. Movement can heal properly dosed and accompanied — in fact,. Because the heart that loves movement: pump It wants to live, to flow. And the best each and every day a little more. Would you like me to make a certain section in more detail or examples and Exercises to add?